Batfish (family Ogcocephalidae) are bizarre, bottom-dwelling anglerfish found in tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide, typically at depths of 200–3,000 meters. They are characterized by flattened, disc-like bodies, leg-like pectoral fins used to walk on the seabed, and a specialized head lure to catch prey. 

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Key Characteristics and Biology

Appearance: They have strongly flattened bodies, often covered with hard tubercles or spines, with heads that are broad and triangular.

Locomotion: These fish are poor swimmers and prefer "walking" on the seafloor using their limb-like pectoral and pelvic fins.

Feeding: As anglers, they use a modified spine (illicium) and bait (esca) located on the head to lure prey, which can be retracted when not in use.

Habitat: While some species are found inshore, most inhabit the deep continental shelf and slope.

Diversity: The family contains about 60-64 species across nine genera, including the well-known red-lipped batfish. 

Species Examples

Red-lipped batfish (Ogcocephalus darwini): Known for its bright red lips and unique appearance, popular in the Galapagos region.

Long-nosed batfish (Ogcocephalus vespertilio): A common species in the Atlantic region.

Polka-dot batfish (Ogcocephalus cubifrons): Characterized by its spotted appearance. 

These fishes are generally considered to be in the "least concern" category by the IUCN, partly due to their deep-water habitats limiting human interaction.